Subsequent work in other settings are less promising, though generally superior to the MMSE. However, it had been established that the MMSE is not well suited for mild cognitive impairment, which raises the question whether it is an adequate "standard" to compare performance with the MoCA.Īccording to the validation study (Nasreddine et al., 2005), the sensitivity and specificity of the MoCA for detecting MCI (n=94 subjects) were 90% and 87% respectively, compared with 18% and 100% respectively for the MMSE. The MoCA test validation study (Nasreddine et al., 2005) has shown the MoCA to be a promising tool for detecting Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Early Alzheimer's disease compared with the well-known Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The Canadian Consensus Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia for detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (Third Canadian Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Dementia, Alzheimer's & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association October 2007 (Vol. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards. The National Institutes of Health and the Canadian Stroke Consortium for detection of vascular cognitive Impairment (Hachinski et al. The MoCA test has now been translated to 36 languages and dialects. For instance, in the Filipino version that is still being developed, Filipino translation of the English words is supplemented with changes in some of the images that locals can identify such as with the replacement of rhinoceros with an owl. Since the MoCA assesses multiple cognitive domains, it may be a useful cognitive screening tool for several neurological diseases that affect younger populations, such as traumatic brain injury, depression, and schizophrenia.īecause MoCA is english specific, linguistic and cultural translations are made in order to adapt the test in other countries. MoCA is used to detect mild cognitive impairment in: Maximum score that can be achieved on MoCA is 30, and scores above 26 are considered normal. The time taken for test can vary, it's usually can be administered in 10 minutes. Orientation to time and place is evaluated (6 points).Language is assessed using a three-item confrontation naming task with low-familiarity animals ( lion, camel, rhinoceros 3 points), repetition of two syntactically complex sentences (2 points), and the aforementioned fluency task.Attention, concentration and working memory are evaluated using a sustained attention task (target detection using tapping 1 point), a serial subtraction task (3 points), and digits forward and backward (1 point each).Multiple aspects of executive functions are assessed using an alternation task adapted from the trail-making B task (1 point), a phonemic fluency task (1 point), and a two-item verbal abstraction task (2 points).* Visuospatial abilities are assessed using a clock-drawing task (3 points) and a three-dimensional cube copy (1 point). The short-term memory recall task (5 points) involves two learning trials of five nouns and delayed recall after approximately 5 minutes.The MoCA assesses several cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstructional skills, conceptual thinking, calculations, and orientation. There are 3 alternate forms in the english, designed for use in longitudinal settings. The test and administration instructions are freely accessible for clinicians at The test is available in 36 languages and dialects. The MoCA test is a one-page 30-point test administered in approximately 10 minutes. It was validated in the setting of mild cognitive impairment, and has subsequently been adopted in numerous other settings clinically. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( MoCA) was created in 1996 by Dr. Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Pratik Bahekar, MBBS Overview Risk calculators and risk factors for MoCAĮditor-In-Chief: C. US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on MoCA Articles on MoCA in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
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